Introduction to Watchdog Timer Watchdog Timer (WDT) can be helpful to automatically reset the system whenever a timeout occurs. A system...

Introduction to SPI Communication Protocol Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a synchronous serial data protocol generally used for...

Why Hardware Timers Hardware timers are a very important feature in microcontrollers. H/W timers are absolutely important for...

Introduction Interrupts are the signals which alter the flow of an executing program by causing the microcontroller jumps to the...

Description: ESP32 is a powerful module with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, BLE, and MCU with onboard RF connectivity. It works on high-frequency...

Introduction What is DAC (Digital to Analog Converter)? A Digital to Analog Converter is a device that converts digital values (0 and 1)...

Introduction to PWM Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a technique by which the width of a pulse is varied while keeping the frequency...

Introduction AVR ATmega has flexible USART, which can be used for serial communication with other devices like computers, serial GSM, GPS...

Introduction Timers in microcontrollers are used for introducing delay, counting events, generating waveforms, and also for PWM...

Introduction Several devices such as GPS, GSM, RFID, sensors, etc need to communicate with the PIC microcontroller for transmitting or...

Introduction to Input Capture Mode The input capture function is used in many applications such as: Pulse width measurement Period...

Introduction to ATmega ADC ADC (Analog to Digital converter) is the most widely used device in embedded systems which is designed...

Introduction AVR ATmega16 has 32 pins constituting four ports. The ports are listed below : Each port has 8 pins. The pins of these four...

Description The sensor consists of the TTP223 IC which is based on the capacitive sensing principle. It consists of a sensing electrode...

Introduction Atmel, AVR microcontrollers (MCUs) are very easy to use. All AVR microcontrollers require Integrated Development...

Description The MAX30100 Pulse Oximeter is a medical device that is used to measure blood oxygen saturation levels, heart rate, and pulse...

Description The BMP280 is a popular digital barometric pressure and temperature sensor developed by Bosch Sensortec. It is designed to...

Overview of IR LEDs, IR Photodiodes, and TSOP1738 IR communication makes use of IR (Infrared) waves from the electromagnetic spectrum. An...