Introduction to Analog Comparator ATmega16/ATmega32 based on AVR has two pins for analog voltage compare i.e. AIN0 and AIN1. AIN0 is the...

Introduction EEPROM is Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory. It is non-volatile type of memory as it holds the data even...

Introduction to Interrupt AVR ATmega16/ATmega32 has three external hardware interrupts on pins PD2, PD3, and PB2 which are referred to as...

Overview of nRF24L01 NRF24L01 is a wireless transceiver module which operates in the 2.4GHz ISM frequency band. It is used to communicate...

Overview of XBee S2 XBee (ZigBee) radios are based on IEEE 802.15.4 (technical standard which defines the operation of low-rate wireless...

Overview of ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module The ESP8266 wifi module is low cost standalone wireless transceiver that can be used for end-point IoT...

Overview of SIM900A GSM Module Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) is digital cellular system used for mobile devices. It is an...

Overview of SIM900A SIM900 enables GPRS connectivity to embedded applications. We can implement HTTP Client protocol using SIM900 HTTP...

Overview of Sim900A SIM900 enables GPRS connectivity to embedded applications. We can implement TCP Client protocol using SIM900 TCP...

Let’s see basic Python based I2C functions which are frequently used for I2C communication on Raspberry Pi. While developing program for...

Introduction to I2C I2C (Inter Integrated Circuit) is a synchronous serial protocol that communicates data between two devices. It is a...

Introduction PIC18F4550 has a power-down mode to reduce power consumption when the microcontroller is idle. Most of the applications like...

Introduction to Watchdog Timer Watchdog Timer (WDT) can be helpful to automatically reset the system whenever a timeout occurs. A system...

Introduction to 8051 Microcontroller Interrupts An interrupt is an event that occurs randomly in the flow of continuity. It is just like...

Overview of Bluetooth HC-05 is a Bluetooth device used for wireless communication with Bluetooth enabled devices (like smartphone). It...

Introduction to SPI Communication Protocol Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a synchronous serial data protocol generally used for...

Introduction to UART UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) is a serial communication protocol in which data is transferred...

Introduction to I2C protocol I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) is a master-slave protocol that may have one master or many master and many...

Introduction to 8051 Timers 8051 microcontrollers have two timers and counters which work on the clock frequency. Timer/counter can be...

Why Hardware Timers Hardware timers are a very important feature in microcontrollers. H/W timers are absolutely important for...